Federal COBRA and state continuation

The Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 (COBRA) and State Continuation are both laws that allow employees to continue health coverage under their company's group plan after they leave the company or have had their employment status change from full- to part-time.

Remember: if you do not want to enroll in continuation coverage, you can also shop plans on the individual market. If you’re eligible, you can also enroll as a dependent on a spouse or parent’s existing plan. The termination of your current coverage is a qualifying life event that allows you to enroll outside open enrollment.

State continuation

State Continuation coverage (also called ”mini-COBRA”) is a continuation of the coverage employees had as an active employee, so none of the employee plan information or insurance cards will change. The only difference is that the employee alone is responsible for paying the premium in its entirety, without contribution from the employer (policies vary by carriers). 

State continuation generally applies to companies with less than 20 full-time employees and FTEs for 50% of their working days in the previous calendar year.

  • Companies not subject to federal COBRA are usually subject to the state continuation in the state where the company's insurance plans are written out of.
    • California's state continuation is called Cal-COBRA. Go to the Cal-COBRA section below for more info.
  • Per state continuation law, coverage will be retroactive to the day after the employee originally lost coverage. This ensures there is no gap in coverage.
    • Claims for any eligible expenses can be still submitted while waiting for coverage to become active.
  • Gusto will automatically determine whether your company's subject to state continuation.
  • Dental and vision may not be available in every state.
Cost of coverage

Plan coverage remains the same, but the cost will now be 100% employee's responsibility. The cost includes the plan's premium plus an administrative fee. If an employee chooses to enroll, the payment between the employer and former employee is to be managed outside of Gusto.

Due to insurance carriers charging an administrative fee for continuation coverage, employees may find lower-cost plans with their state's individual market. Gusto recommends our partner, Stride, as a resource that helps people shop the individual market. They’ll help with enrollment and find subsidies that your employees may be entitled to. Stride also has an online portal where employees can change coverage, make payments, and renew their plans.

Plan options

Employees are only eligible to enroll in lines of coverage they were actively enrolled in at the time of termination (i.e. if they previously waived dental coverage, they can’t enroll in dental coverage). However, if they were previously enrolled in more than one line of coverage (i.e. medical and dental) they can choose which lines to continue from the options available (i.e. continue medical and drop dental).

For employers

Employers are legally obligated to offer State Continuation coverage for at least the minimum period required by state or federal regulations.

State continuation coverage as part of a severance

Gusto will provide you and your former employee with details of all state continuation premium payment amounts and due dates, in accordance with state law. If you and your former employee have decided upon an alternative payment arrangement for state continuation coverage, it must be set up and managed directly with your former employee. 

Pay State Continuation premium

The employee will stay on your company's invoice and the employer is responsible for collecting these premiums from the employee each month moving forward. Former employees will send their continuation premium funds to you, the employer, directly. You will then remit these funds to the carrier via your monthly invoice. The former employee will remain on your group’s carrier invoice(s).

  • Gusto does not accept payments from former employees. 
  • Gusto cannot facilitate alternate payment methods.

If employee fails to pay

The dismissed employee will stay on the company's invoice and the employer is responsible for collecting these premiums from the employee each month moving forward.

If an employee fails to pay their premium, notify us as soon as possible by emailing us at [email protected]. Gusto will attempt to terminate the employee’s coverage retroactively to the date on which they failed to pay. 

Once the carrier processes the termination, you may be reimbursed. This will typically show as a credit on your statement in 1-2 billing cycles.

If you do not inform us in a timely manner that the employee has failed to pay their continuation premiums by the due date, you may be responsible for those costs if the carrier doesn't allow a retroactive termination to the requested date.

FAQs

How can I tell if a state continuation participant is active on my company's policy?

You can view continuation participants in Gusto:

  1. Sign in to your admin account. 
  2. Go to the Benefits tab.
  3. Select the Medical tile.
  4. Scroll to the bottom of the page to find a list of your company's continuation participants.

Who do I contact if there is an issue with a former employee’s state continuation coverage?

Email [email protected] if your question is not answered in this article. Be sure to provide all relevant details, including the employee’s name and the nature of the issue.

What should I do if an employee misses a premium payment for their continuation coverage?

Contact us at [email protected] immediately with the name of the continuation participant who missed their payment and how many months they have missed payment. Gusto will then submit the employee’s termination of coverage to their carrier(s). Note that most carriers will only terminate back 30-60 days, so it is important to notify Gusto as soon as a payment is missed to avoid additional charges for the employee’s coverage.

What happens to state continuation participants if my company is terminating benefits or the business is closing?

Carriers will allow continuation participants to remain on insurance until the company's plans are terminated. If your company voluntarily cancels your company's plans with the carrier, the continuation participants will lose coverage as well.

What happens to continuation participants if my company is switching insurance carriers during their eligibility period?

Our renewals team will offer continuation participants a chance to elect continuation coverage on a similar plan with the new carrier. If the participant is unresponsive during the renewal outreach, their coverage will be canceled as of the renewal date.

For employees

If you were enrolled in benefits and leave your company, here’s what to expect: 

  1. We’ll email you 3 business days after your last day of work notifying you of your rights to continue coverage at your own expense. You can find the full notice in the Documents section of your Gusto account.
    • Based on state law, the notice explains what lines of coverage you’re entitled to continue (dental and vision may not be available in every state), and how long the coverage can last. 
    • If you do not see a notice in your account within 3 days, contact us at [email protected].
  2. If you want to continue your coverage, refer to the notice for next steps.
    • In states where the carriers allow Gusto to submit your enrollment, you can enroll right from the Benefits section. Otherwise, follow the instructions in the notice to submit your enrollment to the carrier.  
    • Pay attention to your deadline to enroll, which is usually 30–60 days after the loss of coverage.
  3. Once coverage has been reactivated, we’ll instruct the employee to send a check with the premium amounts to your company (or carrier, if applicable). Your company’s benefits admins will receive a detailed email with enrollee-specific information.

Once you are confirmed qualified for state continuation, you should not have a gap in coverage. Gusto will receive a continuation notice and coverage can typically take 5-7 business days to become active with the carrier. Once active, coverage will be reinstated back to the first day you lost coverage to ensure you will not experience a gap in coverage. Even though coverage is not currently active with the carrier, claims for eligible expenses can still be submitted.

Dental and vision may not be available in every state.

Insurance card

You will still be able to use the same insurance card, as soon as Gusto has confirmed that coverage is active. 

If your company experiences a carrier switch during a renewal period, and you are enrolled with the new carrier, you may receive new insurance cards.

State Continuation coverage as part of a severance

Gusto will provide you and your former employer with details of all state continuation premium payment amounts and due dates, in accordance with state law. If you and your former employer have decided upon an alternative payment arrangement for state continuation coverage, it must be set up and managed directly with your former employee. 

Terminate State Continuation coverage

Reach out to [email protected] to terminate your continuation coverage.

As a reminder, most insurance carriers only allow end-of-month termination dates.

Extend coverage

State continuation coverage length is based on the state in which the group plans are written. We are unable to extend coverage, but you do have other options for coverage.

You may be eligible to enroll in potentially more affordable plans through the health insurance marketplace, and you may qualify for subsidies to reduce that cost further. Our partner Stride works directly with Healthcare.gov & state marketplaces to help you find the best plans for you, and ensure you receive any subsidies you qualify for. Learn more and compare plans here.

Renewal

If your company is renewing with a fully insured plan, you'll still be able to enroll in coverage. You will be sent a DocuSign where you may review and select renewal plan(s) for your former employer’s group renewal. Your rates are subject to change during group renewal. The open enrollment document will allow you to review your updated monthly premium(s).

FAQs

How do I know when my state continuation eligibility period will end?

In your Gusto account, the eligibility dates for state continuation should be listed under the Benefits tab. You will also receive a confirmation email including the end date once Gusto has processed your enrollment in continuation coverage.

Do I need to reach out to Gusto to terminate at the end of my eligibility period?

Gusto will automatically terminate your benefits at the end of the eligibility period for state continuation.

Do I need to contact Gusto to terminate my continuation coverage early (before the end of the eligibility date)?

If you'd like to terminate your state continuation coverage early for any reason, contact us at [email protected] with the requested last day of coverage. Note that most carriers require cancellation at the end of the month, and your coverage may continue coverage until that time.

Will my state continuation be terminated if I miss a payment?

You are responsible for submitting premium payments to your former employer by the first of the month. If we're notified by your former employer that you have missed a premium payment, we will process a termination of coverage with your carrier(s). Failing to pay your premiums will not automatically terminate your coverage, as the carrier will still bill your company for the charges. You must contact Gusto if you wish to end coverage.

Can I terminate family members from my continuation policy while still keeping others active?

You may reach out to [email protected] to request termination for yourself or any dependents on your plan. You may terminate only dependents from your plan while keeping yourself active as long as you have not reached the end of eligibility.

Can I restart state continuation coverage if I voluntarily cancel it early?

Each carrier determines their rules for reinstating continuation coverage after it has been terminated for any reason. Most carriers will not allow reinstatement after a cancellation request has been made after 30 days.

Can my state continuation be extended past the end of the eligibility date?

No, once your eligibility period has expired you will not be able to extend your continuation coverage.

What are my options for coverage after my state continuation is terminated due to end of eligibility?

You can enroll in coverage through the individual marketplace. Contact Stride who may be able to help you navigate your options, or you can gain coverage through new employment.

Federal COBRA

The Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) is a federal program that provides temporary continuation of health insurance when employer-sponsored coverage is lost. Employers with at least 20 full-time (or full-time equivalent) are required to offer COBRA as part of their group health plan. 

Learn more about COBRA from the US Department of Labor's website.

Eligibility and cost

Gusto provides COBRA administrator, BASIC, companies subject to COBRA to make sure that employees are handled correctly. For companies who offer benefits with Gusto there is no additional cost. For companies using the broker integration, this is $30 per company per month.

If your company chooses not to use BASIC, you’ll be responsible for finding a third-party administrator to handle all aspects of COBRA.

For employers

Employees who opt into Federal COBRA will continue to be on your company's carrier invoice. BASIC will collect the funds from COBRA participants each month and forward them to the company (by check or ACH) so your company can pay the total invoice directly to the carrier.

  • If your company has fewer than 20 full-time employees, but the hours worked by part-time employees reach a certain threshold, the company may still be eligible for federal COBRA.
For employees

If you were enrolled in benefits and leave your company, here’s what to expect: 

  1. After your last day of work, BASIC, sends a continuation notice to your home/mailing address on record. The notice explains your rights and next steps to continue your current coverage. 
  2. You have 60 days from the date you lost coverage, or the date the COBRA election notice was received, to enroll (whichever happens last). Follow the instructions in the continuation notice to enroll yourself, and contact your insurance carrier if you have any questions. 
  3. You are only eligible to enroll in lines of coverage you were actively enrolled in at the time of termination. If you previously waived dental coverage, you can't enroll in dental COBRA coverage.